Apparatus for quantitative analysis of gases



Sept' 5 1950 s. CHASE APPARATUS FOR QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS V0F' GASES 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June 27, 1944 Sept. 5, 1950 s, CHASE APPARATUS FOR QUANTITATIVE AALYSIS 0F GASES Filed June 27, 1944 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 y d wm M i A M m Patented Sept. A, 1,950

. .APPARArUs FoRQUANrITnTIvn .ANALYSIS .toF Gases SliermanChase, .Evergreen Park, Ill .,.-assignorl to Carnegie-Illinois Steelforporation, a-icorporation of NewL Jersey Application luneV 27,

,4 Claims.

The present invention relates to `an improved apparatus for obtaining the-analysis of gases-lof variable composition such as Vstack gasesffuel gases, process gases and the like, the invention providing an improved apparatus for indicating 4or recordingvarious amountsror percentages of -fgases in a mixture ofgases of the character in- -dicated above.

IYThe invention will beldescribed in connection withv the accompanying drawings, which also afford a detailed understandingofA `the .improved apparatus of the present invention.

-In -the drawings,

' :iFigure 1v represents anv endv elevation, partially in section, of agas meterv employed ,inaccordeV Iance Withthe present invention;

ff-:Figure 2 v isl a -diagrammatic side elevation of improved apparatus employed in Athe present v invention, the view showingcooperating meters --of thetype indicated in Figure lfor enabling the determination to be made; and

vwligure 3-is afurther diagrammatic .vievv of apvparatus forcar-rying out the present invention, 'the View including .the metersv ofcFigure 2, the apparatus of Figure 3 being adapted to determine the amounts of various components in amixture of gases.

Referring more particularly .tol the draw-ings, andi rst tov Figure l, it: Will.- be seen that this View represents ai. construction of a Wet type of f3 volumetric gasmeter, inwhich the rotation of vthe rotorv isproportional tothe amountof gas passed through it, although `other types ofv such meters mayfbe employed. In .the specically illustrated form of the apparatus of VFigure 1,4

the meter comprises a housing-:A,vcontaining a rotating drum -havingports 'l therethrough /wh-ich open into the curvilinean-vanes Shaving orifices Il, the meter being sealed-withl Water or f other suitable liquid I3. f `The .gas-inlet is .indi cated at I5 andthegas outlet at I7. The `vievv -illustrates a. conventional type-.ofwet gasmeter, vtwo of Iwhich. are connected as is-indicated in s Figure 2-.

In Figure 2, similar4 meters A and B havetheirl rotatingY shafts` I9v and/2l revolve on a common u center line. Gas is allowed toflowfintothe meter .A throughfintake- I5, causing `rotation. of rotor 5, and` discharges from themeter -A through outlety I 'I to achemical absorberpindicated atA 20:.

'..This absorber-"120 is connected tothe meter B, the outlet 22 of absorber 20 being connected to inlet 23 of the meterA B, thereby causing rotation of-the .rotor thereof.

VTlrieimetersA and Bv are-so calibrated that? 1944, serial No.j54,2,383

(Cl.=.23.'-L255) 2 equal -volumes of gas cause requal rotation 'of their respective rotor shafts1I9'and2L` lHoweveiilgin 'case theabsorberlZU is` charged with a caustic "solutionA-forthe removalof'carbon dioxidegf'then y5` the rotor'of' the meter Bmwill revolve a-1ss .n amount, the diilerence being Apropo rtionalt6 the 'arnountgofjgas absorbed in thefabsorber 20. The ends of the shafts" i9 and: 2| are-connected ntogetherVby conventional diierential gearing-in- ',gearsjluand 29'are a yoke33rand a bevelfgear ""4'35Whichareadaptedto rotate aboutfthejlsh'aft i 9. Bevel' gear, 35v meshes jwith a `further 1 bevel ..gearf'l .on a vertical shaft' 39 tooperate aclritch ldisetlgrhis 01150.44 isadaptedto engage-me complementary clutch dis'c, whichis mounted Ona Shaft When no gas isbeing absorbedin the absorber j 26; the, shafts IQjand 2i make thesame revolutionsx and. ,underv this condition. no .rotation is impartedto yoke 33 and gear 31. "*I-Iowever, When 'Uthere is a diierence in gas volume, rotationmf 1shaftj2l lis ldirectly proportional to thefamount of lgas passingthrough the meter B, andthe rota- 25. Vtion oi` .yoke'l33 and gear.` 35 iseXactlypn'eIhalf the difference in rotation of -the meters A andlB. .Likewise, the .rotation of. ,the gear 3l and; clutch .,plate lll is equal to `one-half, the. difieren '0: rotation, of the twometers, and, therefore;A directlyt proportional to. the amount of gas absorbed inhtheabsorberl.

.-.Clutch plate- 43. isVv mounted on. shaft, .4v5..=and z...is,.. adapted lto. `engage with .clutch platel `4`lffby 3f. Ineens. ,Oetheflet SglingilfMeuaigi-eri,.-Seft j190i meterA is a pinion 43 Whichfmeshes afgear 5 E fmounted-Hon' shaft 53, at a `suitabl offrgiatign- @he gear. 5I Carries will'. vhlh engages spring 56 to depress the same oncqor 40e eeghgevolution .of the .gearf l.

. @haftet-.Carries a. winch-51 .about-whim is Wound` avicordgggone end off-thisy cordgbeing wund. ,about a; spoel-3 i. rotatably .carried-0n a bracket secured to therbase 65 ofthe machine. .,.Itv.w;ill ;be seenthatthe clutch.plate-Alpiseso disposed. ,onjpshaft .39 y.so `that the rotation of.,the :clutchl face remains .in the `same plane. l` 'Clutch plate 43 is disposed on shaftf45 so .thatgitslace -r,.;remains, in @contact vwith* they face of4 clutch plate 562M- when pressure isappliedby.. springt.. Re-

;..:.l ease of .,the .-clutchplatesis. .accomplished;.,.by means of .the pin rotating with. gear"5I.,:.The .rotation of.,clutch 43 moves an amount proporonaLtolthezdiiference in rotation of meters A 55a1idB and this motion is ltransnriitted to pen arm 15 through pulleys 51 and 6| by means of the cord 59.

The other end of the cord 59 is attached to one end of a spring B1, the other end of the spring being anchored to a part |59 of the base of the machine. Spring |51 keeps the cord 59 under tension.

rIhe spool is counterbalanced by a rod 1| on which is slidably mounted a weight 13, the adjustment of the weight on the rod 1I being accomplished by a set screw 13a.. The spool 6I carries a pen arm (shown broken for considerations of space into sections 15, 150.), the spool rotating on its mounting in conformity with rotation of the Winch 51. Mounted on the pen arm Vis a suitable ink reservoir 11, and a pen 19, for

recording on a chart 8|, an angular displacement which is proportional to the amount of gas absorbed in the absorber 2i! during one revolution of the gear 5I.

The above described apparatus of recording the A rotation of gear 5| may be employed in connection with other instrumentalities such as quick z ero setting counters, electrical devices, and other means familiar to those skilled in the art.

Thus, Figure 3, illustrates such an embodiment,

l the view illustrating a system of apparatus for determining the various components of aV mixture K thereof.

In Figure 3, A represents an electric motor provided with a reducing gear head B which drives a wet metering pump, similar to previously described meters A and B, the pump C, however, being adapted to pump atmospheric air. The pump C is driven through shaft 83 from the reducing gear B. This shaft is continued as is indicated at 83a, to drive another identical metering pump D, which is used Yto pump the gas ffunder analysis.

Pumps C and D are identical and are driven at lthe same rate and they supply Pumps C and D and carbon monoxide present and condenses the steam'formed by combustion of the hydrogen.

From the unit G, the remaining gas passes j through intake 9| of the meter H, Which is of vthe same construction as previously described,

then passing from the meter H through outlet 93' *through anfabsorber I by way of inlet 95 and outlet'Q'I, thence into a similar meter J through intake 99, and thence to the atmosphere through Pump D, and meters F, H and J are connected through differential gearing, indicated'generally at |03, IE5, and |01 respectively, each of such differential gearing is similar in construction to vthat described in Figure 2, meters F, H and J being so designed that they will rotate one revolution for one revolution of pumps C and D when there is no absorption or contraction in the gases frompumps C and D.

Pumps C and D rotate in the same direction f through the-common shaft 83, 63a and meter H,

by reason of its rotor design as will be readily f, understood, likewise rotates in the same direction as the pumps C and D. The remaining meters f F and J rotate in the opposite direction because i of rotor design, ,such direction of rotation being meter J to the atmosphere.

4 required for desired effect on differential gearing attached to meter shafts.

Mounted on shaft 83a is a bevel gear IIS which meshes with a bevel gear I I5 on shaft I I1 to drive a counting device indicated diagrammatically at T. Since pumps C' and D pass volumes of gas and air proportional to the number of revolutions they make, counter T may be any counting mechanism that registers the number of revolutions made by pumps C and D.V For convenience counter T may be calibrated in volumes, each revolution of the two pumps representing one volume of gas and one volume of air introduced to the system.

The shaft 83a extends through to the differential gearing Iiii, the gear IIlI thereof being mounted on this shaft, While gear I I5 is mounted on shaft |59. Shaft IQS, carries the bevel gear ||8 of differential I 55, and shaft I IS for the meter I-I Carries the bevel gear |2I of the differential gearing |85 and also the bevel gear ISI of the differential gearing |01. Shaft |98 of meter J carries the bevel gear |93 of the differential gearing |51.

The differential |53 between pump D and meter F comprises a yoke |2S attached to gears I3| and |33, and is also attached to a bevel gear |35 which, in turn, meshes with pinion |31 on shaft |39. This shaft |39 actuates a recording device which may register and/or record the amount of gas, for example, carbon dioxide, which is absorbed in the absorber E. Y

The differential gearings |05 and |61 are interconnected for measuring amounts of other gases. For this purpose, yoke Ili of differential gearing |65 is attached to bevel gear Iii I, this latter meshing with bevel pinion |43 on a shaft |65. Shaft |45 also carries a bevel gear M1 which meshes with bevel It on shaft |5I, this shaft |5| terminating in a bevelv gear |53 of a differential gearing |55. This gearing |55 includes also a gear |51 on shaft |55 and upper and lower gears and |63 which are interconnected by a yoke |65 carrying a bevel gear |51 which, in turn, meshes With bevel pinion |59 on recorder operating shaft |1|.

Shaft |59 carries bevel gear |13 whichemeshcs with pinion |15 on recorder operating shaft |11, thev upper end of which carries the bevel pinion |19 in mesh with gear Ii, which is rotatable around the shaft VI I9 and is connected to yoke |85 of differential gearing |631. Yoke |85 interconnects gears |31 and |89 of the differential gearing, which differential gearing includes also the gear ISI on shaft II'9, and gear |93 on shaft' |98 of the meter J.

From the foregoing, it will be seen that the motor A constitutes the source of power for the entire system. The pump C is a Wet pump employed to pump atmospheric air. Pump D is an identical pump used to pump the gas under analysis. Pumps C and D discharge air and gas streams which commingle and pass to an absorber E, thence through meter F, thence to the combination combustion chamber and gas cooler G, thence through meter H, thence through absorber chamber I, thence through Meters F, H, and

. J are so designed that they rotate one'revolution for one revolution'of pumps C and D when there is no absorption or contraction in the "Hsinri-larito the: differential gearingidescribedfin cnnectionWi-th Figure-'2. 'However/instead of @attainingat shaft rotation in shafts? I 39, I'4-5` and f I 'I1- equal'to-"one-half' the diierenceA fof: rotation,

' ratio-sof that theirfspeed-fof `rotation'isfexactly equal the differences f in revolutions between x"pump D vvand 'meters F; Fand-H; r and andi J.

f i #The foperation lof f theapparatus may bei-understood still betten-by reference to'lthe-following; f

vvspeciiie f example. Sup-posea vIgasVV is'i'fpassed "f'throughfthe' apparatus, l Ythe 'gasf lhaving Ythe vfolflowing"composition-by Volume: lcarbon'#dioxide f 15 Ihydrogen' 2.7 5 carbon'monoxidey 26.15%

" 'tureenters the system, f of which l 15" volumes are 00a-'12.75 volumes are and25;15 volumes are GO. One-'revolutioniof 'pumpDl is equal in gas 'volume -fperA revolution-1 ltol 'one-half thefv gas volfsorberEf *being vchargedwith a caustic' solution (for-example: afsolution'for causticsoda)y ab- Y vv-sorhs'l'carbon-dioxide inf-"an 'amountequal' to 15 revolutions 'off pump' D, orto 'T1/2l revolutions of meter F, *which f thus emakes 92 1/2' revolutions: r-

fThe lfdiiferencen revolutions is'tra'nsmitted 'by the diierential-gearihgflmechanism to'shafty ISS. Yoke"1'29f`and'fgear135 make a number of revolutions equal to half the difference between the number of reyolutionsmade by shafts 83a and z,

I.11319; orf-in the example 3% revolutions. The ratio between gears I 35 and I3? is shown as 2:1, so that shaft |39 makes a number of revolutions equal to 'this "diier'ence, or in the example '7l/'2 rably"eunter CO2 is set tw-register twice the mber-*of revolutions off-shaft I39,for in-the "fxample Fly revolutions-which is the l'pre'cise 'i'percentof carbon dioxide-lin'fthe gas-sample.

tains hydrogen, carbonmonoxide, nitrogen and oxygen.y The hydrogen and carbon monoxide ""reorcedto combine-With the requiredeoxygen finff-cnibstion cha'r'n'ber'v G'--w'here` the f's'team Aformed by combustio-nj of 'hydrogen'is'also clon- -"den1`sed*," with a"ll` related 'contraction "in 'vo-lume equal to 1/2 of the carbon monoxide and'/z of the hydrogen, which may be expressed in symbols as 1/2 CO-f-3/2 H2 and numerically (1/2X26.15)1(3/2 2.75), which equals 17.2 less revolutions than meter F; and this difference in rotation is transmitted to shaft |45 and thence to shaft I5I. The gas leaving meter H contains carbon dioxide formed by burning the original carbon monoxide with oxygen, and this carbon dioxide is absorbed in a caustic solution in absorber I, which results in 26.15 revolutions less in meter J than in meter H.

This dili'erence in revolutions is transmitted to shaft I'I'I', that shaft II'I driving the counter CO, which registers 26.15, which is the per cent of carbon monoxide passed through the apparatus.

Shaft I'I'I imparts one-half of its revolutions to shaft I59 through gears H5, H3. Shafts 5i wrevolu'tions. To furnish a direct reading'prei--' 6 andi-'|59 fare onithesameircenteruline:andi rotate table difierentialSgearingcwhichl rotates shaft I'H512.75.'revolutionsfwhichulsLthe preciseiamount of hydrogen presentg"whichfrevoltions are reg- 5-1221isteredons-counterl haft IMriscdriven 4/3 esrth thefg'earfandfyokefo'fcthe inerentiaifgearing:between shartstiel@andate. nxpressedfnumerically;the abcve'relaticnships r-'nia ordancel-fwith'@theiormula:

Revpiu ons nt y'yoke i155: I(rerhitionff.'of hatPIS reifolutionsiof fshaft'l'wsror, Tsubstituti'ngithe-ifoiegoinglnumerical tialue's` inthe ormina'fiitlbecornes ffl:Reyolution'ofshaft which Value? iis registored'icc-nry counterfrf-Iz.

The counters? attachedY v-tothe 5 shafts'. maysibe reset manually; v ortheyfrnayrbe f arranged; torref f act automaticallyifby f' mechanical-f `:means 'a-fter Y predetermined; 'periddf: as is i' `'well Aunderstood "-Xthe Tart. ffAlso, 'the '1 counters: -may ifbe feq'uipped -sgfwith raised?. numerals/f: which i automatically .eprint ref'sults 'fon/ a paper strip Vafter aispr'edetermined ycycle. "Photographic'eequipment *also fmayff-be vvused to" 'record results periodically, Ymani`1ally, or ='fatitornati'cally?,A and the nrotation -oir theffshafts 3d 'may-be' registeredhon recorder'fsheets,f-stripsfy or 'ch'arts,' all'l by-'fmans "-wellf-known"=to'-f:those ffiarniliar with `the #art of metering.

lclai'm: y

Apparatus'- Afor lquantitatively'r-rvanaiyzing I gases for carbon dioxide;fhydrogenfand' car-bon "monoxide :comprising af'pairv of metering Vpumps for"introducinglmea'sured'fyolumesfois-gas under ff; analysiseandf air, afrst i'carbonf'dioxide vabsorpltionfmeans, 1 aflfirstrotary flow. meter, 'iconduits 40 for mixing gas and air from saidwpumpsrand dil-rectingtheiv gas-airl mixture" to Jsaid' `absorption .1 means and thence to k'said meter, a r'st "differ- 'vr'entiali operatively connectedfto thef rotary ele- -=ments of said pumps-and said meter and `rotatf able throughY a" number of l revolutions r proporftion'alf tto"l the `difference in revolutionsl made yby #fthe pumps'and the'meter, this dilerencefibeing Aproportionalto the carbon-dioxide absorbed-1in y-said absorption means; means for-'oxidizing'.I the e-hydrogen v'and' carbon vmonoxide in lthe gas-air mixture, meansffor ycooling the products of com- -fbustion, a second rotary ow'meterfconduitsufor l'directing the gas-air mixturef'ffrom said'irst l'rneter lto 'said oxidizing means 'and thence 'l through ysaid'cooling means yto said-"second 'meter, a second'diiferential operatively' *con- I vlnected to the rotary elements of said rstland 's'econd 'l metersA and 'rotatable I through a vnumber of revolutions proportional to the difference in revolutions made by the rst and second meters, this difference being proportional to the volume change produced by the oxidation, a second carbon dioxide absorption means, a third rotary flow meter, conduits for directing the gas-air mixture from said second meter to said second absorption means and thence to said third meter, a, third differential operatively connected to the rotary elements of said second and third meters and rotatable through a number of Q revolutions proportional to the difference in revolutions made by the second and third meters, this difference being proportional to the initial carbon monoxide content, and a fourth differential operatively connected to said second and third differentials and rotatable through a num- 7 berof revolutions proportional to the difference in revolutions made by the second and third differentials, this difference being proportional to the initial hydrogen content.

2. Apparatus for quantitatively analyzing gas for carbon dioxide, hydrogen and carbon monoxide comprising motivating means for introducing measured volumes of gas under analysis and air, a iirst carbon dioxide absorption means, a rst flow meter, conduits for mixing gas and air from said motivating means and directing the gas-air mixture to said absorption means and thence to said meter, a rst diierential connecting said motivating means and said meter and registering the diiference in volume of the gas-air mixture therebetween, this difference being proportional to the carbon dioxide content, means for oxidizing the hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the gas-air mixture, means for cooling the products of combustion, a second flow meter, conduits for directing the gasair mixture from said irst meter to said oxidizing means and thence through said cooling means and to said second meter, a second differential connecting said first and second meters and registering the difference in volume of the gas-air mixture therebetween, a second carbon dioxide absorption means, a third flow meter, conduits for directing the gas-air mixture from said second meter to said second absorption means and thence to said third meter, a third differential connecting said second and third meters and registering the difference in volume of the gas-,air mixture therebetween, this difference being proportional to the carbon monoxide content, and a fourth differential connecting said second and third differentials. and registering the difference in motivation therebetween, this difference being proportional to the hydrogen content.

3. Apparatusfor quantitatively analyzing gas for carbon dioxide, hydrogen and carbon monoxide, comprisinga motor and a pair of pumps having a common driving shaft, each pump having an inlet conduit and an outlet conduit, a rst absorption means having inlet and outlet conduits, said inlet conduit being connected to said Y Youtlet conduits of said pumps, a iirst rotary flow meter having an inlet conduit connecting the outlet of said absorption means and an outlet conduit, said first flow meter being connected to the shaft 0f said pumps through a differential gearing, a combustion chamberY having an inlet conduit and an outlet conduit, said inlet conduit connecting the outlet conduitof said first flow meter, a second flow meter having inlet and outlet conduits, said inlet conduit being connected to said combustion chamber outlet, a second absorption means having inlet and outlet conduits, `said inlet conduit being connected'to said second flow meter outlet, a third iioW meter having inlet and outlet conduits, said inlet conduit being connected to said second absorption means outlet conduit, said first flow metery and said second flow meter having shafts connected through a second differential gearing, said second and third flow meters having shafts connected through a third differential gearing and a fourth differential gearing connected through gears and shafts to said second and third differential gearing.

4. Apparatus for quantitatively analyzinggas for carbon dioxide, hydrogen and carbon monoxide comprising a pair of pumps, a rst carbon dioxide absorption means, conduits connecting the discharges of said pumps with the inlet of said absorption means, a'first rotary 110W meter, a conduit connecting the discharge of said absorption means with the inlet of said meter, a diiferential gearing Vconnecting said pumps and said meter, a combustion chamber, a conduit connecting the discharge of said meter with the inlet of said combustion chamber, a second rotary flow meter, a conduit connecting Athe discharge of said combustion chamber with th-e inlet of said second meter, a second differential gearing connecting said first and second meters, a second carbon dioxide absorption means, a conduit connecting the discharge of said second meter With the inlet of said second absorption means, a third rotary iiow meter, a conduit connecting the discharge of said second absorption means with the inlet of said third meter, a third differential gearing connecting said second and third meters, and a fourth differential gearing connecting said second and third differential gearings.

SHERMAN CHASE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 578,003 Craig Mar. 2, 1897 1,700,852 Packard et al Feb. 5, 1929 1,961,350 Grunsky June 5, 1934 2,001,114 Schmidt .May 14, 1935 2,320,310 Stoddard et a1.r May 25, 1943 OTHER REFERENCES Barkley et al. Instruments for Recording Carbon Dioxide in Flue Gases. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 91, pages 7-10 (1916).

Dennis, Gas Analysis MacMillan Co., N. Y., page (1929). 

4. APPARATUS FOR QUANTITATIVELY ANALYZING GAS FOR CARBON DIOXIDE, HYDROGEN AND CARBON MONOXIDE COMPRISING A PAIR OF PUMPS, A FIRST CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION MEANS, CONDUITS CONNECTING THE DISCHARGES OF SAID PUMPS WITH THE INLET OF SAID ABSORPTION MEANS, A FIRST ROTARY FLOW METER, A CONDUIT CONNECTING THE DISCHARGE OF SAID ABSORPTION MEANS WITH THE INLET OF SAID METER, A DIFFERENTIAL GEARING CONNECTING SAID PUMPS AND SAID METER, A COMBUSTION CHAMBER, A CONDUIT CONNECTING THE DISCHARGE OF SAID METER WITH THE INLET OF SAID COMBUSTION CHAMBER, A SECOND ROTARY FLOW METER, A CONDUIT CONNECTING THE DISCHARGE OF SAID COMBUSTION CHAMBER WITH THE INLET OF SAID SECOND METER, A SECOND DIFFERENTIAL GEARING CONNECTING SAID FIRST AND SECOND METERS, A SECOND CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION MEANS, A CONDUIT CONNECTING THE DISCHARGE OF SAID SECOND METER WITH THE INLET OF SAID SECOND ABSORPTION MEANS, A THIRD ROTARY FLOW METER, A CONDUIT CONNECTING THE DISCHARGE OF SAID SECOND ABSORPTION MEANS WITH THE INLET OF SAID THIRD METER, A THIRD DIFFERENTIAL GEARING CONNECTING SAID SECOND AND THIRD METERS, AND A FOURTH DIFFERENTIAL GEARING CONNECTING SAID SECOND AND THIRJD DIFFERENTIAL GEARINGS. 